Object Oriented Programming Features
The Computer Programming model, which uses objects and classes in its design. Rather than relying on functions and procedures, OOP works on data called object. An object is a combination of data and methods. The objects having similar properties can be grouped together to form classes. An Object is a real world entity while class is just a logic entity.
Features of Object-oriented Programming
Procedure Oriented programming just deals with functional parts of the problem. Programmers need to identify what actions must be taken to solve the problem, step wise step. In other words, the whole focus in on function/procedures.
The object-oriented approach works on the objects which is data. Which is much closer to real world problems.
In object-oriented model, a problem is viewed in terms of the following concepts:
1. Objects
2. Classes
3. Data abstraction
4. Data encapsulation
5. Inheritance
6. Polymorphism
7. Dynamic binding
8. Message communication
1. Objects
Objects are the basic run-time entities in an object-oriented system. They may represent a person, a place, a bank account, a table of data; they may also represent user-defined data such as vector, time and lists.
Each object contains data(attributes) and code to manipulate the data (methods). Objects can interact without having to know details of each other data or code.
2. Classes
A class represents a set of related objects. The object having similar attributes can be grouped as a class. The class of an object defines what attributes an object has. The entire set of data and code of an object can be made a user-defined data type with the help of a class.
So, Classes are user defined data types that behave like the built-in types of a programming language. Classes also have an interface which defines which part of an object of a class can be accessed from outside.
A class body is used to run the operations in the interface, and the instance variables contain the state of an object of that class.
The data and the operation of a class can be declared as one of the three types:
a. Public: These are declarations that are accessible from outside the class to anyone who can access an object of this class.
b. Protected: These are declarations that are accessible from outside the class to anyone who can access an object of this class.
c. Private: These are declarations that are accessible only from within the class itself.
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